Which case prohibited racial discrimination in public or private sales of real estate based on the Civil Rights Act of 1866?

The case that prohibited racial discrimination in public or private sales of real estate based on the Civil Rights Act of 1866 is Jones vs. Mayer. This landmark decision by the U.S. Supreme Court affirmed that the Act, enacted shortly after the Civil War, provides all citizens with the right to buy and sell property without regard to race. The ruling established that racial discrimination in the sale of property is unconstitutional and highlighted the federal government's commitment to enforcing civil rights protections in the realm of property ownership. As a result, it provided a powerful legal foundation against discriminatory practices in real estate transactions.

In contrast, cases like Shelly vs. Kraemer dealt with issues of racially restrictive covenants but did not directly base their rulings on the Civil Rights Act of 1866 in the same way. Brown vs. Board of Education primarily addressed racial segregation in public schools, and Plessy vs. Ferguson centered around the doctrine of "separate but equal" concerning public accommodations, neither of which directly tackled discrimination in real estate sales as Jones vs. Mayer did.